International Monument to the Reformation, Geneva, Switzerland. monument in Geneva, Switzerland. lskie. In the form Post tenebras spero lucem, the motto appears in Part II of Cervantes' Don Quixote, and features on the title pages of the first editions of both Parts I and II, published by Juan de la Cuesta in 1605 and 1615 respectively. The monument is one of the main touristic attractions of the city in which Jean Calvin, one of the key French Protestant Reformers, developed his work after 1536. Toursits walking through the Parc des Bastions in Geneva (Switzerland) discovered on July 15 that the Reformation Wall had been vandalised. At the sides are those who spread the Reformation throughout Europe. Show Route, Geneva Tourism But Cromwell is also there plus others I was not familiar with. Click on map to see a larger version. right, the figures are those of 2023 SpottingHistory.com. Find all the information packs offering a detailed and richly illustrated presentation of certain events, projects or information campaigns organised by the City of Geneva. +41 22 418 65 00 The Reformation Wall is situated in an exceptionally beautiful park, close to the elegant Place de Neuve in Geneva. Geneva received its first Bishop in the 5th century. Satan's Strategy for Stealing the Church. [2] It is used by John Calvin's adopted city of Geneva, Switzerland on their coins. } At the centre of the Wall are statues to William Farel, John Calvin, Theodore Beza, and John Knox. Language Label Description Also known as; English: Reformation Wall. This 60-foot stone wall was built in 1909 to commemorate Geneva's vital role in the Protestant Reformation. It appears as Post tenebras spero lucem ("After darkness, I hope for light") in the Vulgate version of Job 17:12.[1]. Mar 19 - Mar 20. $143. the center were the men God used to establish biblical churches which in proposed by the International Museum of the Reformation, which takes in 14 symbolic sites of the Reformation. Paragliding Experience in the Alps next to Mont Blanc from Geneva. Beautifully maintained and nested in one of the most beautiful parks in Geneva, the Parc des Bastions, this is a must visit when in Geneva. Retrouvez des ides de sorties et une slection d'vnements, d'activits, danimations et de manifestations organiss en ville de Genve. Website. Rome2rio is a door-to-door travel information and booking engine, helping you get to and from any location in the world. Dcouvrez aussi les lettres d'informations par thmes. A member of the Martyrs congregation, Bethany Cummings, sent me through some photos of the famous Reformation Wall (Mur des Rformateurs) in Geneva. In 1634 land was joined with the County of bo and Bjrneborg and Kastelholma lost its administrative status. 1 km Religious Sites. Reformation Wall Geneva | Tickets & Tours - Tripadvisor Europe Switzerland Canton of Geneva Geneva Things to Do in Geneva Reformation Wall Reformation Wall: Tours and Tickets Reformation Wall: Tickets & Tours When are you traveling? If you reject the use of cookies, AREOPAGO PROTESTANTE cannot guarantee the functionality of the website. Geneva Reformation Wall marks centenary The city is celebrating the 100th birthday of the imposing stone Reformation Wall in Geneva, which features huge statues of leading Protestant. Tripadvisor gives a Travelers Choice award to accommodations, attractions and restaurants that consistently earn great reviews from travelers and are ranked within the top 10% of properties on Tripadvisor. / Image: LemanBleu.ch, AREOPAGO PROTESTANTE uses COOKIES in order to guarantee the proper functioning of our website, improve its security, obtain better efficiency and personalisation, collect statistical data and show you relevant advertising. Copyright Geneva Tourism. Geneva's Reformation Wall is built into the old city walls in the Parc des Bastions .At the center are John Calvin, William Farel, Thodore de Bze and John Knox. These reviews are the subjective opinion of a Tripadvisor member and not of Tripadvisor LLC. SPEDIZIONE GRATUITA su ordini idonei Discover our selection of activities and take full advantage of our beautiful city throughout the year! The International Monument to the Reformation (French: Monument international de la Rformation; German: Internationales Reformationsdenkmal), usually known as the Reformation Wall[1] (French: Mur des rformateurs), was inaugurated in 1909 in Geneva, Switzerland. Promenade des Bastions 1, Geneva, Switzerland. The inscription of Post Tenebras Lux is the Latin motto of the Reformation, meaning After the darkness, light.. The Reformation Wall in Geneva overlooks the Bastion Park and featuring major figures of the Reformation, flanked by smaller statues of Protestant figures. The International Monument to the Reformation. Actually, these figures conquered more than three million people with their Protestant ideas and created a "reformatory Rome" in Geneva. The words of the Lords Prayer and a declaration of the Pilgrim Fathers atre incised into the wall in English, French and German langauges. If you want to ensure you grab a bargain, try to book more than 90 days before your stay to get the best price for a Geneva Reformation Wall Monument hotel. During the Reformation, Geneva was the centre of Calvinism, and its history and heritage since the sixteenth century has been closely linked to that of Protestantism. 2. free Reformation Wall Geneva, Switzerland Photo from Flickr, copyright Marcel Weichert The International Monument to the Reformation, usually known as the Reformation Wall, honours many of the main individuals, events, and documents of the Protestant Reformation by depicting them in statues and bas-reliefs. Detailed Reviews: Reviews order informed by descriptiveness of user-identified themes such as cleanliness, atmosphere, general tips and location information. . In the center are Jean Calvin, Theodore Beza, Guillaume Farel and John Knox. Popular attractions Molard Tower and Barbier-Mueller Archeology Museum . Get time period newsletters, special offers and weekly programme release emails. Established it in honor of the events of the Protestant Reformation, in order to perpetuate its main figures. The administration of the City of Geneva has a staff of 4,000 employees. ", Hiring a room in a primary school in the City of Geneva as an association, Obtaining a certificate of cantonal partnership in Geneva, Booking the seasonal ice rinks in Les Bastions or Les Charmilles, Demander le dbarras d'un objet encombrant, Inscrire son enfant pour une place d'accueil petite enfance, The new winter activity centre La Banquise, Our great family ideas for the February holidays, Geneva for gourmets: eating and drinking in the city, Rpertoire des bonnes adresses pour consommer local, Guide des seniors: Vivre Genve en tant que senior et/ou retrait-e, The Reformation Wall was inaugurated in 1917 to mark the, The four main figures in the middle stand. Genve La Piadineria Plainpalais, Genve: Se 23 objektive anmeldelser av La Piadineria Plainpalais, vurdert til 4,5 av 5 p Tripadvisor og vurdert som nr. The History of Geneva dates from before the Roman occupation in the second century BC. Four men, one wall, one story. Read more. It's absolutely free, easy, and doesn't even need registration! The beauty of this tour is that he. "Alphonse Laverrire, l'entre en lice d'un protagoniste", Monuments, martyrdom, and the politics of religion in the French third republic, International Red Cross and Red Crescent Museum, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reformation_Wall&oldid=1126583671, Articles with dead external links from October 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 10 December 2022, at 03:45. Rue du Rhne 46, Geneva, 1204. The castle started to decay and was used only as prison until it burnt down in 1745 and was finally abandoded in 1770.Kastelholma is one of only five surviving Finnish medieval fortresses. Do you need to book in advance to visit Reformation Wall? At the sides are those who spread the Reformation throughout Europe. Interesting and Sobering piece of Religious History. As the parliament of the municipality, the municipal council is responsible for approving the accounts and budgets of the City of Geneva. Winter Tour : Gruyeres, chocolate tour in the Swiss Riviera from Geneva. In addition to Saint Peter's Cathedral, you'll find Bastion Park, the Reformation Wall, the Place du Bourg-de-Four, the Treille Promenade, and more. Full-day Tours. (Local fees may apply), Murs des reformateurs Due to the close connections to that theology, the individuals most prominently depicted on the Wall were Calvinists; nonetheless, key figures in other theologies are also included. Theodore Beza (1519 1605) and John Knox (c.1513 1572). 10:32 CET. The leaders of Calvinism themselves in height reach about five meters, and the rest of the representatives - 5. . Scrivi una recensione. In theory, such a height symbolizes the significance of the reformers' activities. The members of the executive are elected every five years based on a first-past-the-post system. color:#757575; The wall of the Reformation is nine meters high. It is in the Parc De Bastions so you can kill 2 birds with one stone here. Jean Calvin, Theodore de Beze, Guillaume Farel and John Knox, are all depicted on the wall together with smaller memorials to other figures involved such as Oliver Cromwell and depictions of the events of the Reformation. The sculptures were then created by twoFrenchsculptors Paul LandowskiandHenri Bouchard. At the same time, learn about life in the districts of Geneva, their history and their emblematic or unusual sites. Built into one of the old walls of Geneva, overlooking Le Parc des Bastions on the site of the university of Geneva founded by John Calvin, the Reformation Wall standing 5m high and 100m long, depicts main individuals, scenes and documents of the Protestant Reformation, in statues and bas-reliefs. Murs des reformateurs Strategy implementation A culture of clarity Change leadership <br><br>You need to engage and persuade everyone in your business ecosystem. Geneva monument international de la reformation.jpg 666 499; 124 KB. As a mark of its role in the Calvinist movement, the motto is engraved on the Reformation Wall, in Geneva, and the Huguenot Monument, in Franschhoek, South Africa. info@geneve.com The Reformation Monument was the outcome of a 1909 contest to transform Bastion Park, and was won by 4 Swiss architects. If you book with Tripadvisor, you can cancel up to 24 hours before your tour starts for a full refund. Save an average of 15% on thousands of hotels with Expedia Rewards. Historical Trips - Book your next historical adventure, 6 Secret Historic Gardens in the United Kingdom, Join Dan Snow for the Anniversary of the D-Day Landings, War of The Worlds: The Most Infamous Radio Broadcast in History, The King Revealed: 10 Fascinating Facts About Elvis Presley, 10 Facts About American Poet Robert Frost, From Persona non Grata to Prime Minister: How Churchill Returned to Prominence in the 1930s, 6 Incredible Historical Locations from the James Bond Films, The 10 Best Historic Sites in Switzerland. She offers helpful advice for all those who work with teenagers to recognize suicide warning signs and shares ways to guard against hopelessness and help them find reasons to live. The cheapest 3-star hotel close to Reformation Wall Monument found on KAYAK in the last 2 weeks was $46, while the most expensive was $599. The Reformation wall is an important part of both Geneva's and Christianity's history, and well worth a visit even if just while enjoying strolling round attractive parts of Geneva. edit. If you are a resident of another country or region, please select the appropriate version of Tripadvisor for your country or region in the drop-down menu. The favourite to lead the Scottish government faces an obstacle - her evangelical faith, 10 differences between Martin Luther and John Calvin, Churches have hugely improved pastoral care for same-sex attracted people - and the inclusion of single people, The Imprisoned Spirits of 1 Peter 3:19-20, The paint on the Wall of Reformers, in Geneva, 15 July 2019. Bus Tours. The wall, inaugurated in 1909, also honours the influence of Guillaume Farel, Thodore de Bze and John Knox. This giant wall of 30 feet high is very prominent at the park area and cannot be missed. The journey time between ibis Genve Centre Nations, Geneva and Reformation Wall is around 18 min and covers a distance of around 3 km. part of. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 512 av 1 727 restauranter i Genve. Rome2rio displays up to date schedules, route maps, journey times and . According to Tripadvisor travelers, these are the best ways to experience Reformation Wall: promenade des Bastions 1 Parc des Bastions, Geneva 1205 Switzerland, $$ - $$$ Swiss European Vegetarian Friendly, $$ - $$$ Italian Pizza Mediterranean, $$ - $$$ Italian Mediterranean Contemporary, $$ - $$$ Italian Mediterranean European. The Wall is in the grounds of the University of Geneva, which was founded by John Calvin, and was built to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Calvin's birth and the 350th anniversary of the university's establishment. Staff working in the park said the monument would be cleaned as soon as possible. Learn more about our. Zip through Geneva on an electric bike and explore the city's gorgeous parks, Lake Geneva, and its hidden Old Town, famous Water Fountain, and Flower Clock. It is built into the old city walls designed to solidify the role of Geneva in the Reformation process. The contest involved 71 proposals from around the world, but was won by four Swiss architects:Charles Dubois,Alphonse Laverrire,Eugne Monod, andJean Taillens(whose other design came third). All of these attractions along the Walk the Reformation path are well worth the effort. more. Find all the transport options for your trip from Reformation Wall to Geneva right here. These statues represent John Calvin, Guillaume Farel, Thodore de Bze (aka Beza), and John Knox (figure 1) on the Reformation Wall in Geneva, Switzerland. The International Monument to the Reformation, aerial view But attention is short and it's hard to cut through the noise. In addition, the . It's also just a lovely, well maintained wall in a nice park. enlargement. In the central, lush park of the Bastions you can get acquainted with the most important historical landmark of Geneva - the Wall of the Reformation. During the Reformation, Geneva in Switzerland became the heart of Calvinism named for Jean Calvin, a French pastor, theologian and reformer, founded the University of Geneva. Went to this park to let our child run around and play in the large sand pit there. Naklejki na ciane The four statues at the center of the Reformation Wall in the Parc des Bastions in Geneva, Switzerland, representing John Calvin and the Calvinism's main proponents, on a sunny summer day. per adult. It closed on him, and there he is sleeping with his head bowed before the Body of Our Lord, waiting till the Turk is cast out of Constantinople, and St. Sophia is released from its profanation. Mainly comprised of a 100 metre wall hence it is also known as the Reformation Wall (Murs des Reformateurs) the Reformation Monument celebrates the movements main leaders in the form of statues. Excavated items, such as early stove tiles, are on exhibit in the hall. from . 385. Franais ! Reformation Wall 4 682 #20 of 177 things to do in Geneva Monuments & Statues Open now 12:00 AM - 11:59 PM Visit website Call Write a review About This 60-foot stone wall was built in 1909 to commemorate Geneva's vital role in the Protestant Reformation. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. William Farel (1489 1565); John Calvin (1509 1564); The heyday of the castle was in the 15th and 16th centuries when it was administrated by Danish and Swedish kings and stewards of the realms. citys integral importance to the Reformation. +41 (0)22 909 70 00 and the 350th anniversary of the universitys establishment. Imposing monument celebrating the actors of the Reformation. Family and children's counselor Julie Lowe takes a look at some of the reasons teenagers are increasingly vulnerable to suicide and what factors lead to it. Super 8 Film Footage - Geneva, Switzerland 1969 - Part Three - Lake Geneva -Lausanne So many memorials are short on information, but this one has a reasonable amount of historical information to make sense of its importance. - Reformation Wall in Geneva vandalised. Once the city played a significant role in the history of the whole of Europe, becoming the center of Protestants and Reformers, including scandalous philosophers: Calvin, Beza and Farel. 683. Click OK to authorise its use . Title: Twenty years around the world. God speed the time! Set against the old city walls, the Reformation Wall or the International Monument to the Reformation consists of a stone rampart engraved and decorated with bas-reliefs, in front of which stand the statues of statesmen, pioneers and protectors of the Reformation. Typically 928 services run weekly, although weekend and holiday schedules can vary so check in advance. What's the best way to see Reformation Wall? The wall located in the old town of Geneva represents fortification and reformations. It also votes on loans to implement new projects, adopts regulations or tasks the administrative council with defining the major orientations of collective life. Author: John Guy Vassar (1811-1888) Release Date: March 1, 2023 [eBook #70180] Language: English. This 9 day escorted tour gives you a wonderful overview of the Swiss Reformation, with the opportunity to experience the beauty of Switzerland. Reformation Wall (Geneva) - All You Need to Know BEFORE You Go. Reformation Wall 4 681 #20 of 178 things to do in Geneva Monuments & Statues Open now 00:00 - 23:59 Visit website Call Write a review About This 60-foot stone wall was built in 1909 to commemorate Geneva's vital role in the Protestant Reformation. The Reformation Wall, a monumental homage The leading figures of the Reformation watch over the Parc des Bastions. Wall is located with the park that is also great to see with other monuments to see. Title page of first edition of Part I of Don Quixote (1605), featuring the motto Post tenebras spero lucem on the strapwork around the central device. [2] The sculptures were then created by two French sculptors: Paul Landowski and Henri Bouchard.[3][4]. LOVE, POVERTY, WAR AND Also by Christopher Hitchens BLOOD, CLASS AND EMPIRE: The Enduring Anglo-American Relationship A LONG SHORT WAR: The Postponed Liberation of Iraq WHY ORWELL MATTERS LEFT HOOKS, RIGHT CROSSES: A Decade of Political Writing (edited with Christopher Caldwell) LETTERS TO A YOUNG CONTRARIAN THE TRIAL OF HENRY KISSINGER BLAMING THE VICTIMS: Spurious Scholarship and the . Improve this listing Tours & experiences Geneva's 'Post Tenebras Lux' motto is engraved in the wall. The imposing Reformation Wall stands in the Parc des Bastions, portraying the major figures of the Reformation in the form of huge statues and bas-reliefs. built into the old fortified city walls of Geneva, thus representing the What restaurants are near Reformation Wall? This monument was built in 1909 to . Marie Dentire is the only woman's name on the Reformation Wall in Geneva. Today, the pale stone wall framed by trees within Bastion Park remains an ongoing reminder of the great players of the Calvinist Protestant Reformation in Europe. The Wall is located on the grounds of the University of Geneva, founded by John Calvin in 1559. There is a lot to learn about Christian history through these attractions. You can add your own historic sites and attractions to SpottingHistory.com. Engraved in the wall, the motto of Geneva Post Tenebras Lux (After darkness, light) is a core phrase of Calvinist philosophy. Promenade des Bastions 11204Genve A Reformation Debate - John C. Olin 2009-08-25 In 1539, Cardinal Jacopo Sadoleto, Bishop of Carpentras, addressed a letter to the magistrates and citizens of Geneva, asking them to return to the Roman Catholic faith. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. click here for @media only screen and (max-width: 425px) {.genevalive-logo {width:93px;}} .genevalive-logo {float: left; margin-bottom:0.8em;} .footer-copyright {float: right;font-size: var(--font-size-small-text);} In the 14th Century the city was granted a large degree of autonomy and became self governing. Reformation Wall, Geneva: Xem nh gi, bi vit v nh v Reformation Wall, c xp hng S trn Tripadvisor trong s im du lch ti (Reformation Wall, Geneva). "Geneva, Switzerland, Greek-Italian dispute brings power of League of Nations into question - League discusses problem at session in Palais de Reformation" / View of distant buildings seen through an. Finally wander down along the old city walls to Geneva's theater district and center of culture at Place Neuve. This was the main slogan of Jean Calvin and the other leaders of the movement. The contest involved 71 proposals from around the world, and was won by four Swiss architects: Charles Dubois, Alphonse Laverrire, Eugne Monod, and Jean Taillens (whose other design came third). 1204 Adobe Stock Front view of the four statues at the center of the Reformation Wall in the Parc des Bastions in Geneva, Switzerland, representing John Calvin and the Calvinism's main proponents, on a sunny day. Rome2rio makes travelling from Reformation Wall to Geneva easy. (151 reviews) "Very clean very funky, lovely staff. monument in Geneva, Switzerland. Improve this listing Tours & experiences Especially the Genevan Reformers, the most important of them legal scholars themselves, engineered a societal model with freedom of conscience for individuals, while at the same time severing the church from the state. King Eric conquered Kastelholma in 1599 and all defending officers were taken to Turku and executed. Book your tickets online for Reformation Wall, Geneva: See 680 reviews, articles, and 329 photos of Reformation Wall, ranked No.20 on Tripadvisor among 176 attractions in Geneva. Pre-Millennialism, Post-Millennialism or Amillennialism? Images Show all media +2 The monument is one of the main touristic attractions of the city in which Jean Calvin, one of the key French Protestant Reformers, developed his work after 1536. This process is neatly documented in the Mur de la Reformation or Reformation Monument in Geneva. The Reformation Wall is in the Park de Bastion in Geneva, Switzerland. As you leave the park, explore the splendid Place de Neuve and its various artistic haunts. Compra Discovering Geneva: A Comprehensive Travel Guide. Toursits walking through the Parc des Bastions in Geneva (Switzerland) discovered on July 15 that the Reformation Wall had been vandalised. Stretching for 100 metres, the Reformation Monument (Monument de la Reformation) in Geneva is a tribute to the Protestant Reformation in Switzerland which occurred in the 16th century. Luther, Calvin and Knox I expected to see. The monument is an unmissable part of the park, once part of the city walls and a symbol for the Calvinist University of Geneva, and is a peaceful spot to escape the hubbub of the city any time of day. Genve S$221.83. Nowadays it is a major tourist attraction easily accessible by car or bus from Mariehamn. Hundreds of history documentaries, ad free podcasts and subscriber rewards. It honours many of the main individuals, events, and documents of the Protestant Reformation by depicting them in statues and bas-reliefs. The Reformation Wall, a monumental homage. The Lake - Stroll the promenades around the lake and soak up the atmosphere. There is a lot of history behind the reformation wall It is built into the old city walls of Geneva, and the monument's location there is designed to represent the fortifications', and therefore the city of Geneva's, integral importance to the Reformation. turn changed the world through the right preaching of the Gospel with Services are operated by Transports Publics Genevois. Then the wall opened, and he entered, bearing the Blessed Sacrament. +41 (0)22 909 70 11 The college and on the grounds of the University of Geneva, founded by John Calvin in 1559. Reviews Q&A. In the center are Jean Calvin, Theodore Beza, Guillaume Farel and John Knox. In the first reaction, the police said no-one had claimed the attack. Behind their huge statues is the engraving "Post Tenebras Lux" - "After darkness - light." HISTORY of the CHRISTIAN CHURCH 1 1 Schaff, Philip, History of the Christian Church, (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.) 1997. Wall Format can be taken as capably as picked to act. Promenade des Bastions 1 There have been a number of vandalic acts against the Protestant monument in the past. Discover the 10 best historic sites in Switzerland, from lakeside castles to Roman ruins, in this ultimate guide to Swiss landmarks and monuments. All rights reserved. Viaggi Avvisi Accedi The castle was damaged under the siege and it took 30 years to renovate it. TheInternational Monument to the Reformation, usually known as theReformation Wall, honours many of the main individuals, events, and documents of theProtestant Reformationby depicting them instatuesandbas-reliefs. The way out is by understanding the thoughts and emotions that trigger your eating habits, and then taking the big step of trusting God, instead of your food rules and rituals. It is built into the old city walls, and the monument's location there is designed to represent the integral importance of the fortifications, and therefore of the city of Geneva, to the Reformation. notice Chapter 13 Renaissance And Reformation Test as skillfully as evaluation them wherever you are now. Get premium, high resolution news photos at Getty Images But is it art? Reformation Wall Monument Geneva Canton of Geneva Switzerland Hotels Expedia.com Plan your trip Find hotels near Reformation Wall Monument, Geneva from $90 Check-in Check-out Guests Most hotels are fully refundable. Good Research Guide - Martyn Denscombe 2003 The Good Research Guidehas been a bestselling introduction to the basics of social research since it was first published in 1998. Post tenebras lux was formerly the state motto of Chile, before being replaced by the Spanish Por la razn o la fuerza (By reason or by force). such men as memorialized there. To reach the Wall of the Reformation in Switzerland , you need to take the IR train at the station near the Geneva airport. Tripadvisor checks reviews for fraud. Built into the old city walls of Geneva, the Reformation Wall overlooks the Parc des Bastions. 0. Tripadvisor performs checks on reviews. Follow us to get best tips to interesting historic sites! Because flexibility matters. At the center of the monument are four 5 m-tall statues: Theodore Beza (1519-1605) John Calvin (1509-1564) William Farel (1489-1565) John Knox (c.1513-1572) To the left (facing the Wall, ordered from left to right) of the central statues are 3 m-tall statues of: The Wall is located THE ROME OF THE REFORMATION. See all. The Reformation wall was one of the furthest attractions from all the others (about a 7 min walk from St. Pierre Cathedral) but totally worth it. This new second edition of the book offers the same clear guidance on how The founding fathers of the Reformation are celebrated along the length of this imposing wall in twice life siize figures. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de Genve, Points of Interest & Landmarks Government Buildings, Points of Interest & Landmarks Monuments & Statues. Reformation Wall ( Mur de la Rformation) or Reformation Monument, was constructed from 1909 to 1917 to commemorate the 400th birthday of Jean Calvin. 800 x 600 It is actually positioned in the charming Parc Des Bastions, where you can discover a number of various other destinations to explore. The phrase came to be adopted as the Calvinist motto, and was subsequently adopted as the motto of the entire Protestant Reformation. click here for 800 x 600 enlargement The college and seminary take their name (and watermark) from the Reformation Wall of The International Monument to the Reformation, Geneva, Switzerland.